mRNA injection phenotypes in zebrafish larvae. (A) Representative lateral view images of 5 dpf zebrafish larvae following mRNA injection experiments (3.2× magnification). Control embryos show normal development while EHHADH and 1 variants exhibit progressive phenotypic severity including unfilled swim bladder, tail curvature, and mandibular malformations. Combined mutations demonstrate synergistic effects with severe craniofacial malformations. Directional indicators: dorsal (D), ventral (V), anterior (A), posterior (P). (B) Quantitative phenotype distribution at 5 dpf.
Paulina Swatowska & co identify compound inheritance of metabolic and immune gene variants that synergistically disrupt facial development, expanding our understanding of cleft lip genetics.
doi.org/10.1242/bio....
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